Can Klingons wear sashes or baldrics? Yes, but they are rank limited. Check the costume change npc after you are in Star Trek Online. Do any Klingon captain skills work in place of Escort Captain and Heavy Escort Captain in regards to scaling up Attack Pattern Alpha, Attack Pattern Beta, Attack Pattern Omega, and other powers that scale off these escort captain skills? No, not at this time.
What is a GCD or Global Cool down? It's the minimum cycle time after using any power that triggers it that prevents you from using any other power. Some powers do not trigger the GCD. How do you access pvp as any faction? To access pvp, you must be at least level (star trek online credits) 6. Once you are, you will see a triangle pointing down to the right of your minimap. This is a dropdown menu, and the first option on it opens the PVP queues list which allows you to queue for match-based pvp.
How do you get enough honors to train your officers? This is a big problem right now due to content issues. It's highly recommended that you not waste your initial honor, and train your officers carefully. If you want to experiment, you might make a second kdf to train powers you are not certain about - or test them on a fed character (star trek credits). The exchange is a good way to get cheap powers on the fed side, but you can't use those officers with your kdf. Another workaround is that you can roll a kdf character as an honor mule, since they start with 800 honors, and use that for buying powers. The officers can be traded.